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About these units
Tun (tun)
A tun is a historical large cask unit commonly used in the wine and brewing industries, typically defined as 252 imperial gallons, or roughly 954 liters. It represented one of the largest standardized cask sizes in medieval and early modern Europe. Originally used for transporting wine, ale, and oil, the tun played an important role in commerce and maritime trade. Because taxes and tariffs were often levied per tun, its definition became central to economic regulation. The size also reflected the maximum volume that could be reliably transported in wooden casks without structural failure. Though obsolete today, the tun provides valuable insight into historical logistics, taxation, and the evolution of standardized container sizes in European trade networks.
Cord (cd)
The cord is a large unit used in North America to measure firewood, defined as a neatly stacked pile measuring 128 cubic feet (usually arranged as 4 ft × 4 ft × 8 ft). Its strict definition helps prevent fraud in firewood sales and ensures fairness in trade. The cord accounts for both wood and air space, though the amount of actual wood can vary depending on how tightly it is stacked. Despite the prevalence of metric units worldwide, the cord remains a robust standard in forestry, firewood commerce, and rural heating practices across the US and Canada.