Convert Kilometer/Second (km/s) to Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁) instantly.
About these units
Kilometer/Second (km/s)
A kilometer per second represents a very high speed—1,000 meters every second—and is particularly important in astronomy, planetary science, and astrophysics. Orbital velocities around planets, escape velocities, solar winds, and the motion of stars relative to each other are commonly measured in km/s. This scale captures speeds far beyond terrestrial transportation. For example, Earth orbits the Sun at roughly 30 km/s, and meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere may arrive at speeds between 11 and 72 km/s. km/s is a natural step up from m/s when describing the motion of celestial bodies.
Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁)
The first cosmic velocity is the minimum horizontal speed an object must achieve to enter a stable orbit around a planetary body without additional propulsion. For Earth, this value is about 7.9 km/s. At this speed, an object's forward motion precisely balances with the gravitational pull downward, creating continuous free-fall—the essence of orbital motion. This velocity is foundational in orbital mechanics. Spacecraft reaching Low Earth Orbit (LEO) must achieve at least this horizontal speed, even if their vertical ascent profile varies. Understanding v₁ was essential in the early space age: it represented the threshold between atmospheric flight and true spaceflight, marking human entry into the orbital era.