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About these units
Petameter (Pm)
A petameter is 10¹⁵ meters and begins bridging the gap between solar system scales and the nearest stars. Distances between stars, the size of large cosmic structures, or the wavelengths of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic waves may be expressed in petameters. For example, a light-year is about 9.46 petameters. Petameters rarely appear in everyday astronomical writing because traditional units like light years and parsecs are more intuitive to astronomers and the public. However, the unit's alignment with SI conventions makes it essential in scientific computation and large-scale modeling, especially when dealing with cosmic distances while maintaining strictly metric consistency.
Angstrom (Å)
The ångström, equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters, is traditionally used to measure atomic scales, bond lengths, and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the X-ray and ultraviolet regions. Although not an SI unit, the ångström persists because it aligns conveniently with many natural atomic dimensions — hydrogen's typical bond lengths, for example, are close to 1 Å. Scientists in crystallography, astronomy, materials science, and spectroscopy routinely use ångströms when describing the spacing between atoms in a crystal lattice or the wavelength of certain spectral lines. The convenience comes from avoiding unwieldy decimals: instead of writing 0.154 nm, one may write 1.54 Å. While modern research increasingly prefers SI nanometers or picometers, the ångström remains deeply embedded in scientific traditions and continues to serve as a practical shorthand for atomic-scale measurements.