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About these units
Micrometer (µm)
A micrometer, or micron, is one-millionth of a meter. It occupies an important niche between nanometer-scale molecular measurements and millimeter-scale visible objects. The micrometer is essential in biology, where it measures cells, bacteria, and tissue structures; in materials science, where it expresses grain sizes and coating thicknesses; and in optics, where it represents wavelengths of infrared radiation. Manufacturing processes, especially semiconductor and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), rely heavily on micrometer precision. Even slight variations of a few micrometers can significantly alter performance or failure rates. The accessibility of micrometer-level imaging through modern microscopes has made this unit foundational to many scientific fields.
Mil (mil)
A mil is an imperial-derived engineering unit equal to one-thousandth of an inch. It is used extensively in manufacturing, machining, and electrical engineering. Printed circuit board (PCB) trace widths, for instance, are often measured in mils because the unit provides a convenient scale for precision without resorting to decimals in inches. Because 1 mil equals 25.4 micrometers, it occupies a scale appropriate for tolerances in industrial production, coatings, film thickness, and gaskets. The mil is especially common in the United States, where certain engineering standards still rely on the imperial system. It provides an intuitive small-scale measurement for technicians accustomed to inches, helping avoid errors that might result from metric conversions.