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About these units
Kilobyte (kB)
A kilobyte traditionally represents 1,024 bytes (2¹⁰), reflecting binary-based memory design. Historically, operating systems, RAM modules, and floppy disks all used the binary kilobyte because memory addressing naturally aligned with powers of two. Kilobytes were once considered large: early computer programs and operating systems were measured in just a few kB. The first text-based adventure games fit entirely within 32 kB. Although kilobytes seem tiny today, they remain important for low-level embedded systems, boot loaders, configuration memory, and microcontrollers. The kilobyte is a reminder of computing's early constraints and the precision of binary address spaces.
Block (block)
A block is a unit of data storage used by file systems, typically ranging from 512 bytes to 4096 bytes, though advanced systems may use even larger sizes (8 KB, 16 KB, etc.). Blocks form the fundamental allocation unit for disk storage—files occupy blocks on disk, and file systems track which blocks belong to which files. Block size has significant performance implications. Larger blocks improve read/write throughput but may waste space for small files (internal fragmentation). Smaller blocks offer precision but reduce I/O efficiency. Many classic file systems (FAT, ext2), modern ones (ext4, NTFS), and network storage systems (ZFS, Btrfs, distributed file systems) all rely on block-based allocation. Blocks bridge the gap between raw physical storage and abstract file structures.