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About these units
Bit (b)
A bit is the most fundamental unit of digital information, representing a binary value of 0 or 1. In physical systems, a bit corresponds to two distinguishable states—such as high/low voltage, magnetic polarity, or light/dark in optical systems. Bits form the basis of all digital computation: CPUs manipulate bits through logic gates, memory stores bits in capacitors or magnetic cells, and communication networks transmit bits as electrical pulses or photons. Although extremely small in size, bits accumulate into vast structures—from kilobytes of text to petabytes of cloud storage. Every digital phenomenon—files, images, videos, software—ultimately reduces to sequences of bits. The bit is the "atom" of information.
Byte (B)
A byte consists of 8 bits, forming the standard grouping used in computing for representing characters, numbers, and machine instructions. This 8-bit size became dominant due to hardware design choices in early microprocessors, especially the IBM System/360 architecture. Bytes allow computers to represent values from 0 to 255, enabling ASCII encoding, color values, file metadata, and vast amounts of structured data. The byte is the basis for nearly all storage units—kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes—and remains the fundamental digital "counting unit" for memory, disk space, and network transfers.