Convert Electron Mass (mₑ) to Pennyweight (pwt) instantly.
About these units
Electron Mass (mₑ)
The electron mass, approximately 9.10938356 × 10⁻³¹ kilograms, is a fundamental constant of nature and a cornerstone of atomic physics. Because electrons determine atomic structure, bonding, and electrical properties, their mass plays a crucial role in chemistry and solid-state physics. The smallness of the electron mass allows quantum phenomena to dominate electron behavior, enabling orbitals, tunneling, and band structures in materials. Electrons' tiny mass also affects how atoms interact with electromagnetic radiation, influencing spectral lines and optical properties. In particle physics, the electron mass is one of the defining parameters of the Standard Model, impacting interactions across quantum electrodynamics (QED) and beyond.
Pennyweight (pwt)
The pennyweight, equal to 1/20 of a troy ounce or 1.55517384 grams, is a unit used primarily in the precious metals and jewelry industries. Its origins lie in medieval English coinage, when the weight of silver pennies provided a practical standard for small masses. Jewelers continue to use the pennyweight because many traditional pricing structures and metalworking conventions are built around troy-based subdivisions. For gold, silver, and dental alloys, the pennyweight remains easier to work with than grams due to long-established norms. Even though the metric system is now dominant scientifically, the pennyweight persists because industries tied to history—especially those involving money and precious goods—tend to maintain deeply rooted practices.