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About these units
Microsecond (µs)
A microsecond equals one millionth of a second (10⁻⁶ s) and belongs to the realm of electronics, high-speed computation, radar systems, and signal processing. In digital electronics, microseconds describe the switching times of microcontrollers, communication baud rates, and pulse-width modulation (PWM) frequencies. Flash memory access times, database latency, and embedded systems all use µs resolution. In aviation and radar, microseconds represent the time it takes for radio waves to travel hundreds of meters. In biology, neural synapse firing intervals and muscle micro-movements occur at microsecond timescales. The microsecond is essential for understanding everything from machine communication to the fast nuances of living organisms.
Second (s)
The second is the fundamental SI unit of time and the basis for nearly every modern timing system, from everyday clocks to astronomical calculations and quantum physics. Historically, the second was defined as 1/86,400 of a mean solar day—reflecting Earth's rotation. But because Earth's rotation is not perfectly constant, this definition proved insufficient for scientific precision. Today, the second is defined by the vibration frequency of the cesium-133 atom, specifically 9,192,631,770 oscillations of its hyperfine transition. This atomic definition gives the second extraordinary accuracy and stability, enabling technologies like GPS, satellite communications, deep-space navigation, and particle physics experiments. The second sits at the intersection of human history and cutting-edge physics: once tied to the apparent motion of the Sun, it is now anchored to a universal atomic constant, making it one of the most precisely defined units in science.