Convert Meter/Second (m/s) to Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁) instantly.
About these units
Meter/Second (m/s)
The meter per second is the SI unit of speed, representing the distance traveled in meters over one second. It is the foundational unit for physics, engineering, and scientific measurement because it derives directly from SI definitions of distance and time. In physics, m/s appears everywhere: from the velocity of falling objects and planetary orbits to the propagation of waves and fluid flow. It is the preferred unit when describing speeds mathematically because it integrates cleanly with SI-based equations involving energy, force, and momentum. Although not commonly used in everyday life—where km/h or mph dominate—m/s is essential for precision. Weather forecasts, for example, often use m/s for wind speeds in scientific analyses even if the public version converts to more familiar units. The clarity and mathematical consistency of m/s make it indispensable in scientific communication.
Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁)
The first cosmic velocity is the minimum horizontal speed an object must achieve to enter a stable orbit around a planetary body without additional propulsion. For Earth, this value is about 7.9 km/s. At this speed, an object's forward motion precisely balances with the gravitational pull downward, creating continuous free-fall—the essence of orbital motion. This velocity is foundational in orbital mechanics. Spacecraft reaching Low Earth Orbit (LEO) must achieve at least this horizontal speed, even if their vertical ascent profile varies. Understanding v₁ was essential in the early space age: it represented the threshold between atmospheric flight and true spaceflight, marking human entry into the orbital era.