Convert Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁) to Millimeter/Second (mm/s) instantly.
About these units
Cosmic Velocity - First (v₁)
The first cosmic velocity is the minimum horizontal speed an object must achieve to enter a stable orbit around a planetary body without additional propulsion. For Earth, this value is about 7.9 km/s. At this speed, an object's forward motion precisely balances with the gravitational pull downward, creating continuous free-fall—the essence of orbital motion. This velocity is foundational in orbital mechanics. Spacecraft reaching Low Earth Orbit (LEO) must achieve at least this horizontal speed, even if their vertical ascent profile varies. Understanding v₁ was essential in the early space age: it represented the threshold between atmospheric flight and true spaceflight, marking human entry into the orbital era.
Millimeter/Second (mm/s)
A millimeter per second is a useful speed in robotics, precision machining, biomechanics, and controlled engineering systems. Robotic arms performing delicate manipulation, small servo motors, and scanning instruments often operate in the mm/s speed range. In seismology, mm/s measures the vibration velocities of the ground during micro tremors, making it essential in structural engineering and earthquake monitoring. It reflects the world of fine-scale, controlled motion—beyond what the human eye typically detects.