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About these units
X-unit (X)
The X-unit is an extremely small length, approximately 1.002 × 10⁻¹³ meters, historically used to express X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. The unit was invented before modern standards for measuring electromagnetic wavelengths existed, allowing scientists to describe extremely short wavelengths without resorting to scientific notation. X-units were valuable in crystallography and atomic physics in the early 20th century, enabling precise description of spectral lines emitted by X-ray sources. Although modern practice has largely replaced the X-unit with the nanometer or picometer, it continues to appear in historical literature. The unit's existence highlights how scientific progress shapes measuring conventions. Once essential, the X-unit now serves as a bridge to the history of early atomic research.
Meter (m)
The meter is the foundational unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) and forms the backbone of virtually all modern scientific and engineering measurements. Originally defined in the late 18th century as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a meridian, the meter's definition has evolved alongside advances in physics and measurement technology. For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was tied to a physical bar stored in Paris—an artifact vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and damage. Today, the meter is defined using a universal constant rather than a physical object: the distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. This definition is elegant because it anchors the meter to an invariant physical constant, ensuring precision across laboratories and nations. It allows modern metrology labs to realize the meter through laser interferometry, achieving extraordinary accuracy. The meter's universality and reliability make it the most important single unit of length ever devised.