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About these units
Mil (mil)
A mil is an imperial-derived engineering unit equal to one-thousandth of an inch. It is used extensively in manufacturing, machining, and electrical engineering. Printed circuit board (PCB) trace widths, for instance, are often measured in mils because the unit provides a convenient scale for precision without resorting to decimals in inches. Because 1 mil equals 25.4 micrometers, it occupies a scale appropriate for tolerances in industrial production, coatings, film thickness, and gaskets. The mil is especially common in the United States, where certain engineering standards still rely on the imperial system. It provides an intuitive small-scale measurement for technicians accustomed to inches, helping avoid errors that might result from metric conversions.
Gigameter (Gm)
A gigameter, one billion meters (10⁹ m), moves firmly into interplanetary territory. Astronomers use gigameters to express distances within the solar system, such as the average separation between planets or the orbital paths of spacecraft. For example, the Earth–Moon distance (~384,000 km) can be expressed as 0.384 Gm, and distances to nearby planets often fall in the range of tens or hundreds of gigameters depending on orbital positions. The gigameter is particularly useful in scientific models where distances are massive but still fall short of interstellar scales. It reduces the need for unwieldy scientific notation and gives researchers a manageable unit for calculations involving gravitational fields, orbital dynamics, and space mission planning.