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About these units
Femtometer (fm)
A femtometer, equal to 10⁻¹⁵ meters, is the scale at which the structure of atomic nuclei becomes measurable. Also known historically as a "fermi," this unit is used extensively in nuclear physics to describe the radii of protons, neutrons, and nuclei, which typically span 1–10 femtometers. At this scale, the strong nuclear force dominates interactions, and classical intuition breaks down almost entirely—quantum mechanics provides the only meaningful framework. The femtometer also plays a role in high-energy particle experiments, where the wavelengths of probing particles (like high-velocity electrons) may be expressed in femtometer increments. These small wavelengths allow researchers to resolve sub-nuclear structures. While invisible to any optical instrument, distances in the femtometer range can be inferred through scattering experiments, such as those performed in particle accelerators.
Nautical Mile (nmi)
The nautical mile is a unit designed specifically for navigation. Its definition—exactly 1,852 meters—originated from the idea that one nautical mile equals one minute of arc along Earth's meridian. This geometric relationship makes nautical miles incredibly convenient for charting and navigation because latitude coordinates are given in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Aviation and maritime industries use nautical miles exclusively for distance, and knots (nautical miles per hour) for speed. Because Earth's shape and size are fundamental to navigational calculations, using nautical miles avoids the complexities that would arise if statute miles or kilometers were used instead. The unit remains globally standardized and universally understood in professional navigation.