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About these units
Exameter (Em)
An exameter, equal to 10¹⁸ meters, reaches into the interstellar and even intergalactic scale. It is useful for describing the dimensions of star clusters, distances between major astronomical features, or large-scale cosmological structures. Only a handful of physical phenomena require expression in exameters, and even then, astronomers typically prefer parsecs or light-years. The unit sees more use in theoretical physics, cosmology, and data modeling where SI uniformity is necessary. For example, mathematical simulations of the universe's evolution may employ exameters in their internal computations. Although too large for everyday use, the exameter highlights the vastness of the universe and the adaptability of the metric system to describe phenomena across incomprehensible scales.
Gigameter (Gm)
A gigameter, one billion meters (10⁹ m), moves firmly into interplanetary territory. Astronomers use gigameters to express distances within the solar system, such as the average separation between planets or the orbital paths of spacecraft. For example, the Earth–Moon distance (~384,000 km) can be expressed as 0.384 Gm, and distances to nearby planets often fall in the range of tens or hundreds of gigameters depending on orbital positions. The gigameter is particularly useful in scientific models where distances are massive but still fall short of interstellar scales. It reduces the need for unwieldy scientific notation and gives researchers a manageable unit for calculations involving gravitational fields, orbital dynamics, and space mission planning.