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About these units
Block (block)
A block is a unit of data storage used by file systems, typically ranging from 512 bytes to 4096 bytes, though advanced systems may use even larger sizes (8 KB, 16 KB, etc.). Blocks form the fundamental allocation unit for disk storage—files occupy blocks on disk, and file systems track which blocks belong to which files. Block size has significant performance implications. Larger blocks improve read/write throughput but may waste space for small files (internal fragmentation). Smaller blocks offer precision but reduce I/O efficiency. Many classic file systems (FAT, ext2), modern ones (ext4, NTFS), and network storage systems (ZFS, Btrfs, distributed file systems) all rely on block-based allocation. Blocks bridge the gap between raw physical storage and abstract file structures.
Exabit (Eb)
An exabit is 10¹⁸ bits, used in ultra-large-scale networking, such as intercontinental fiber systems, data-center connectivity, and internet backbone capacity projections. Although no single consumer device operates at this scale, network engineers and futurists use exabit terminology to describe the explosive growth of global internet traffic. The exabit embodies the shift toward planetary-scale communication infrastructures, reflecting humanity's increasing dependence on rapid, high-bandwidth connectivity.